Diabetic Wounds and Ulcerations of the Lower Extremities

Diabetes is a widespread condition that affects millions of people in the United States, including many in the Chandler, Arizona area, and the surrounding cities such as Gilbert, Mesa, and Tempe. While diabetes can have a significant impact on various aspects of health, one of the most concerning complications is the development of diabetic wounds and ulcerations in the lower extremities. These wounds can lead to serious complications, including infections, amputations, and long-term disability, making prompt treatment and care essential.

At Advanced Foot & Ankle Specialists of Arizona, we specialize in the treatment and management of diabetic foot wounds and ulcerations. In this blog, we’ll explore the causes, symptoms, and treatments for these conditions, as well as the importance of proactive care in preventing complications.

What Are Diabetic Wounds and Ulcerations?

Diabetic wounds, often referred to as diabetic ulcers, are open sores or wounds that occur on the legs and feet, most commonly on the bottom of the foot. These wounds can range from mild abrasions to deep, infected ulcers that can be difficult to treat. Diabetic foot ulcers typically develop due to a combination of factors, including poor circulation, nerve damage, and pressure on the feet.

Diabetic foot ulcers are one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes, affecting nearly 15-25% of diabetic patients at some point in their lifetime. If left untreated, these ulcers can become infected and lead to more severe complications, such as gangrene or amputation.

Causes and Risk Factors of Diabetic Foot Wounds

Several factors contribute to the development of diabetic wounds and ulcerations. The primary causes include:

1. Neuropathy (Nerve Damage): High blood sugar levels can damage the nerves in the feet, leading to a loss of sensation. This means that a diabetic patient may not feel pain, cuts, or blisters on their feet, allowing wounds to go unnoticed and untreated.
2. Poor Circulation: Diabetes can lead to peripheral artery disease (PAD), which restricts blood flow to the feet. This reduced circulation makes it harder for wounds to heal and increases the risk of infection.
3. High Blood Sugar: Elevated blood glucose levels can weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infections and heal wounds effectively.
4. Foot Deformities: Structural issues such as bunions, hammertoes, and flat feet can lead to abnormal pressure on certain areas of the foot, increasing the risk of developing ulcers.
5. Improper Footwear: Ill-fitting shoes or shoes that don't provide proper support can cause rubbing and pressure on the feet, leading to the formation of ulcers.

Symptoms of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

The most common signs and symptoms of diabetic foot ulcers include:

• Open sores or blisters: These can appear anywhere on the foot but are most common on the bottom or sides.
• Redness, warmth, or swelling: These are signs of infection or inflammation around the ulcer.
• Drainage or pus: An ulcer that drains fluid, especially with a foul odor, may be infected.
• Pain: Although many diabetic patients may not feel pain due to neuropathy, others may experience discomfort or a sharp pain in the ulcer area.
• Thickening of skin: Thickened skin around the ulcer may indicate chronic irritation or pressure.

Treatment for Diabetic Foot Wounds

At Advanced Foot & Ankle Specialists of Arizona, we offer comprehensive treatment for diabetic foot wounds and ulcerations. Our goal is to promote healing, prevent infection, and avoid complications such as amputation. Treatment may include:

1. Wound Care

Proper wound care is the foundation of diabetic foot ulcer treatment. Our team will clean the wound, remove dead tissue, and apply specialized dressings to create an optimal healing environment. Regular follow-up appointments are essential to monitor healing and prevent infection.

2. Infection Control

If an ulcer becomes infected, antibiotics may be prescribed to combat the infection. In more severe cases, surgery may be required to remove infected tissue or to drain abscesses. We will ensure that infections are treated quickly and effectively to prevent the spread of infection.

3. Custom Orthotics and Footwear

Proper footwear and support are crucial in preventing diabetic wounds and reducing the risk of developing new ulcers. Our team will provide personalized recommendations for shoes and custom orthotics that help distribute pressure evenly across the foot, preventing further injury.

6. Surgical Intervention

In some cases, when ulcers are severe or do not respond to conservative treatments, surgery may be necessary. This can include debridement (removal of dead tissue) or other surgical techniques to promote healing and close the wound.

Preventive Care and Foot Health Tips

While treatment is essential for managing diabetic foot wounds, preventive care plays a critical role in reducing the risk of ulcers and other complications. Here are some tips to help maintain healthy feet:

• Inspect your feet daily: Look for cuts, blisters, redness, or swelling. If you have difficulty seeing your feet, use a mirror or ask a family member for assistance.
• Keep your feet clean and dry: Wash your feet daily with mild soap and lukewarm water. Make sure to dry them thoroughly, especially between the toes.
• Wear properly fitted shoes: Choose shoes that provide adequate support and cushion your feet. Avoid shoes with tight seams or rough areas that can cause irritation.
• Moisturize your feet: Dry, cracked skin can lead to infection. Use a mild moisturizer on your feet, but avoid applying lotion between the toes.
• Maintain blood sugar control: Keeping your blood sugar levels within the recommended range can help prevent nerve damage and improve your body's ability to heal wounds.

If you’re living with diabetes and experiencing foot wounds or ulcers, don’t wait—early treatment is crucial to preventing complications. Contact Advanced Foot & Ankle Specialists of Arizona today at (480) 963-9000 or book an appointment online to schedule a consultation. Our team of experts is here to help you manage your foot health and provide personalized care for your diabetic wounds.