Lymphedema of the Lower Extremities: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

At Advanced Foot & Ankle Specialists of Arizona, we treat a variety of foot and ankle conditions that can affect your daily life. One such condition that can lead to significant discomfort and complications is lymphedema of the lower extremities. This condition can cause swelling, pain, and discomfort in the feet and legs, and if left untreated, it can result in more severe health issues.

In this blog, we will discuss what lymphedema is, how it develops, and how it can be treated. Whether you're in Chandler, Gilbert, Mesa, or Tempe, understanding this condition and its available treatments will help you seek the care you need to restore comfort and function to your legs and feet.

What is Lymphedema?

Lymphedema is a condition where excess lymph fluid builds up in the tissues, causing swelling. This occurs when the lymphatic system, which helps to remove waste and excess fluid from the body, is not functioning properly. The lower extremities, especially the legs and feet, are commonly affected by lymphedema. It can occur as a result of a primary disorder, which is usually genetic, or secondary lymphedema, which is more common and often caused by injury, infection, or surgery, such as cancer treatment that involves lymph node removal.

Causes and Risk Factors

Lymphedema can occur for several reasons, and understanding the underlying cause is essential for effective treatment. The common causes and risk factors include:

1. Injury to the Lymphatic System: Any damage to the lymph nodes or lymphatic vessels, including trauma, surgery, or radiation therapy, can lead to lymphedema. This is often seen in patients who have had cancer treatment, especially breast cancer, where lymph nodes are removed.
   
   
2. Infection: Recurrent infections or inflammation can block or damage the lymphatic system, leading to fluid buildup and swelling.
   
   
3. Obesity: Excess body weight can place added pressure on the lymphatic system, contributing to lymphedema, particularly in the legs and feet.
   
   
4. Inactivity or Poor Circulation: Lack of movement or sitting or standing for long periods can cause fluid to accumulate in the lower extremities, worsening lymphedema.
5. Family History: Primary lymphedema can be hereditary, meaning it runs in families due to congenital issues with the lymphatic system.

Symptoms of Lymphedema

Lymphedema can develop gradually, and its symptoms can vary in severity. Early detection and intervention are important to prevent complications. Common symptoms include:

• Swelling in the feet, ankles, or legs: This is the most obvious symptom and often worsens as the day goes on.
• A feeling of heaviness or tightness in the affected leg or foot.
• Pain or discomfort: The swelling can be painful, especially when standing or walking for long periods.
• Limited range of motion: The swelling and tightness can make it difficult to move the affected joints freely.
• Skin changes: The skin may become thickened or hardened, and in severe cases, the skin may appear stretched or discolored.
• Recurrent infections: Swollen areas are more prone to infections, which can complicate lymphedema further.

Diagnosing Lymphedema

If you notice swelling or other symptoms of lymphedema in your legs or feet, it’s important to seek professional care. At Advanced Foot & Ankle Specialists of Arizona, Dr. Alex Stewart, DPM, FACFAS and Dr. Antonius Su, DPM will perform a comprehensive evaluation to diagnose lymphedema. This may include:

• Physical Examination: A thorough exam of your legs and feet to assess swelling, texture, and skin condition.
• Imaging Studies: Ultrasound or MRI can be used to look at the lymphatic system and identify blockages or other issues.
• Lymphoscintigraphy: A specialized imaging technique to trace the flow of lymph fluid in your body.

Treatment Options for Lymphedema

While there is no cure for lymphedema, there are several effective treatments to help manage the condition, reduce swelling, and prevent complications. At Advanced Foot & Ankle Specialists of Arizona, we offer a variety of treatment options tailored to each patient’s specific needs.

1. Compression Therapy

Compression stockings, sleeves, or Multi-layer compression bandages are often used to reduce swelling by applying gentle pressure to the affected area. These garments help promote lymph fluid drainage and prevent further fluid buildup.

2. Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD)

Manual lymphatic drainage is a specialized massage technique performed by trained therapists to stimulate the lymphatic system and promote the flow of lymph fluid. This therapy is particularly effective in reducing swelling and encouraging fluid movement in the affected area.

3. Exercise and Elevation

Regular physical activity and elevating the legs can help improve circulation and reduce swelling. At Advanced Foot & Ankle Specialists of Arizona, we work with you to develop a customized exercise plan that will safely improve lymphatic flow without exacerbating symptoms.

4. Custom Orthotics

For patients with lymphedema in the feet and ankles, custom orthotics can provide the necessary support and alignment to reduce swelling and discomfort. Orthotics can also help with gait abnormalities caused by swelling.

5. Wound Care and Infection Prevention

Because patients with lymphedema are at a higher risk for infections, it’s essential to keep the skin clean and protected. If an ulcer or wound develops, proper wound care and infection management are crucial to prevent further complications.

6. Home Sequential Compression Devices

At Advanced Foot & Ankle Specialists of Arizona, we work with several companies that make sequential compression devices which help to decrease swelling and can be used from home. 

Preventive Care and Lifestyle Modifications

While managing lymphedema, there are several lifestyle changes you can make to prevent the condition from worsening:

• Maintain a healthy weight: Reducing body weight can lessen pressure on the lymphatic system and help control swelling.
• Exercise regularly: Low-impact exercises like walking or swimming can improve circulation and reduce swelling.
• Avoid prolonged standing or sitting: Take breaks and elevate your legs periodically to reduce fluid accumulation.
• Care for your skin: Moisturize your skin to prevent dryness and cracking, which can lead to infections.

If you’re experiencing swelling or discomfort in your lower extremities, don’t wait to seek treatment. Lymphedema can lead to serious complications if left untreated, but with the right care, you can manage the condition and improve your quality of life.

Contact Advanced Foot & Ankle Specialists of Arizona today at (480) 963-9000 or book an appointment online. Our team of experienced professionals is here to provide comprehensive treatment for lymphedema and help you get back on your feet.